The Wire Transfer

Designing a post-digital “banknote” for inclusive and diverse use

April - June, 2025

micro systems

participatory workshops

tactile UX

product design

OVERVIEW

The Wire Transfer is an exploration in collaboration with the Bank of England Museum. It explores how money might feel in a postdigital world. Through embodied research, public co-design workshops, and iterative prototyping, we designed a family of tactile currency forms. These objects reintroduce friction, gesture, and personal meaning into transactions; challenging the assumption that seamlessness is always better.

My Role

End-to-end delivery including secondary research, concept development, primary research, workshop design and facilitation, low and high-fid prototyping and user testing in live contexts.

Team

Diya Paode, Chaitanya Tiwari, Uday Goel, Rui, Lancy, Emilia Bryce, Asli Ates, Kim Dabeen, Sian, Priyanka Goel

Project partner

The Bank of England Museum

IMPACT

Accessibility via

Haptic Design

Developed a tactile currency system, enabling users to identify denominations without relying on sight.

Minimised Cognitive Load in High-Stress Transactions

Tactile currency reduced reliance on mental calculations; particularly valuable in fast-paced payment environments.

Promoting Mindful + Intentional Spending

Integrated behavioural friction into payment rituals through weighted forms and fidget-able textures. These slowed down transactions and gave users space to make more conscious financial decisions.

THE PROCESS

At the Bank of England Museum, we encountered an older relationship to money; where value was not just seen, but felt. Trust in currency came from shared rituals, touchable artefacts, and systems rooted in physical exchange. From tally sticks to UV ink, money was once social, sensory, and full of emotional cues.

Visit to the Bank of England Museum

In contrast, digital transactions have become invisible, fast, and often exclusionary. And so we ask;

How might post-digital currency restore ritual, accessibility, and emotional meaning in everyday transactions?

Exploring Value, Trust, and Tension through Play

To explore how we understand value, we played Catan and Monopoly; systems that exposed how people negotiate, conceal, and perform wealth. In Catan, value was fluid and social. In Monopoly, fixed and alienating. We observed how visible wealth increased anxiety, while hidden value brought security. These behaviours reflected how people feel about money: it’s not neutral; it’s affective.

Detailed Observations

Subjective vs. Fixed Value In Catan, value was fluid, players could negotiate, bluff, and manipulate based on needs. In contrast, Monopoly operated on rigid, pre-defined prices. This prompted questions around who defines value in currency systems, and how design could accommodate personalised or negotiated worth. Psychology of Visibility In Catan, having many resources made players feel vulnerable due to the Robber Rule. Hiding cards gave a sense of safety. In Monopoly players often lost track of each other’s wealth, causing emotional disengagement. We discussed whether visible wealth increases anxiety or control, and what implications that has for our design. Ritual & Power Dynamics Players with early advantages shaped the entire game. Seasoned players had insider knowledge, creating real parallels with financial systems where access and literacy determine success. The game’s coercive moments also mirrored high-pressure consumer environments where decisions are rushed. Embodied Cognition One question that arose was; if Catan’s resources were physical, would it reduce the cognitive load? This led us to think about embodied cognition; how touch and visibility might help users, especially neurodivergent or low-literacy groups, engage with money systems more confidently.

Understanding financial systems through play

Literature Review

We turned our literature review into a visual and embodied process. The sketchnoting process promoted real-time collaboration; we could literally “see” each other’s thought process and build on it. It also lowered the barrier to entry, allowing everyone to contribute, regardless of academic reading proficiency.

Money is thus reframed as co-created, sensory and narrative-rich

Hinder’s Money No Object used NFC wearables to enable payment through hugs or handshakes, making transactions socially expressive (Hinder, 2013–2016). Notes from Sian described cheques as memory artefacts, referencing the legally valid “halibut cheque” to show how value can be playful and context-based. Ishii’s Topobo and Materiable projects highlighted how tactile interaction can make digital systems more intuitive (Ishii, 2008). Alternative economies like time banking and Ubuntu Contributionism valued reciprocity over profit (Han et al., 2015; Tellinger, 2015). Benayoun (2008) argued that art after technology must explore the tension between fiction and reality; an idea echoed in Hirst’s The Currency, where users chose between keeping a physical artwork or an NFT, destroying the other (Hirst, 2022).

Sketchnoting Literature

Affinity Mapping

Artefact Analysis

Our artefact analysis of the £10 and £20 UK banknotes revealed how currency operates not just as a means of transaction, but as a layered narrative object. The Jane Austen note, in particular, offered visual storytelling through details like quills, carriages, and concentric security motifs; elements I had previously overlooked. This unfamiliar side of a familiar object highlighted the asymmetry of user engagement and reminded us that people often interact with only fragments of a system. Observing these notes through a fresh lens, especially from my background with Indian currency, surfaced cultural biases in how legitimacy and value are encoded. We also noted how micro-security features like UV ink, metallic strips, and transparent windows introduced micro-rituals of verification; moments that engaged the senses and built trust through touch. These reflections laid the groundwork for our later focus on tactility, emotional presence, and material storytelling in the design of postdigital currency.

Artefact Analysis

Behaviour Mapping at the East Street Market + A.E.I.O.U.

Defining the "Micro"

We discovered that people trusted payment methods they understood. One teammate distrusted cards due to potential fraud; I distrusted phone tap due to unfamiliarity. This taught us that knowledge equals agency. We decided to design not for personas, but for mental models; how people think and feel about exposure during transactions.

Criminal Mind Workshop

To examine the emotional experience of feeling exposed during transactions, we identified mental models across four everyday scenarios. Participants were then invited to adopt a criminal’s perspective and imagine how they might steal money in each case. This exercise drew on Nijstad, Stroebe, and Lodewijkx’s (2003) findings that idea generation is enhanced through the activation of related knowledge structures.

Criminal Mind Workshop

To examine the emotional experience of feeling exposed during transactions, we identified mental models across four everyday scenarios. Participants were then invited to adopt a criminal’s perspective and imagine how they might steal money in each case. This exercise drew on Nijstad, Stroebe, and Lodewijkx’s (2003) findings that idea generation is enhanced through the activation of related knowledge structures.

The problem with physical money is that its prone to theft or getting lost. People chose the path of least resistance to stealing money. A visible wallet or phone, a bag left open and unattended were considered easy targets.

The idea of adding friction to feel safe intrigued us

The Unrobbable Banknote Workshop

To encourage participants to creatively explore what safety, concealment, and value mean by designing their own “unrobbable” banknote using craft and sketching materials. The results were ingenious: Sandpaper-back to discourage theft | Magnetic clip that can only be unlocked by institutions | Brightly visible banknote to trigger social accountability | Phobia-trigger note shaped like a spider | Wearable currency integrated into clothing | Leaf-note that tracks spending one tear at a time

Safety, memory, control, and ritual are all embedded in the form of the currency and how people carry it.

THE OUTCOME

The moment someone takes money out of a wallet or bag to count and pay is a moment of cognitive load and vulnerability; awareness shifts, and attention to surroundings fades. While current banknotes include haptic cues, they are secondary to visual design.

What if people could count money by touch alone? Knowing exactly what they have without a visual aid?

This became the starting point for reimagining currency with touch as the primary mode of interaction; bringing physicality, trust, and control back to financial exchange.

Haptic Perception

Juan

Trust is the cornerstone of Airbnb's community, and identity verfication is part of how we build it.

Texture

Juan

Trust is the cornerstone of Airbnb's community, and identity verfication is part of how we build it.

Materiality

Juan

Trust is the cornerstone of Airbnb's community, and identity verfication is part of how we build it.

Prototyping

Juan

Trust is the cornerstone of Airbnb's community, and identity verfication is part of how we build it.

Wearable Paraphernalia

Juan

Trust is the cornerstone of Airbnb's community, and identity verfication is part of how we build it.

Ritual of Transaction

Juan

Trust is the cornerstone of Airbnb's community, and identity verfication is part of how we build it.

USER TESTING

We ran three public-facing workshops at King’s Cross and the Bank of England Museum.


  • Find the Twin: Touch-based shape matching to validate haptic recognition

  • Wear Your Wealth: Customisation of how money could be worn, hidden, or displayed

  • Barter on a Wire: Embodied exchange ritual to explore expression, consent, and power

Snippets from the workshops at King's Cross and Bank of England Museum

One participant remarked that the tactile familiarity of the forms could ease cognitive load during transactions by reducing the need for constant mental calculations. Another highlighted its potential to support visually impaired users, sharing that such a currency system would greatly benefit their own family member. A third saw value in its educational potential, suggesting that the tactile qualities could make financial concepts more intuitive and engaging for children.

FEEDBACK FROM PARTNERS

IN RETROSPECT

🧭 From Studio to Street

A core challenge was stepping beyond the academic safety of the university and into live, unscripted public environments. Facilitating workshops in parks, markets, and museums brought real-world constraints: rejection, unpredictability, and safety concerns. As Koskinen et al. (2011) note, authentic insight comes with emotional and logistical mess; something we had to absorb and adapt to throughout the process.

🌈 Atmosphere as an Invitation

A key learning was how much atmosphere shapes participation. The more playful and sensory the setup, the more organically people engaged; often without prompting. This aligned with Gaver et al. (2004), who highlight ludic design as a catalyst for joyful, voluntary interaction. By leaning into this, our workshops became more gamified and embodied. At King’s Cross, people queued to participate; a small but validating outcome.

⚖️ Designing Macro Through Micro

One tension throughout was designing for a macro system; money; through micro-scale interactions. Concerns around production and feasibility were real. But the friction revealed deeper systems thinking, echoing Latour’s (2005) point that design must account for networks of shifting actors and influence.

💡 Reimagining Money as a Felt Experience

This project opened new directions; especially around sensory accessibility, emotional design, and financial interaction. As Forlizzi & Battarbee (2004) write, meaning arises at the intersection of personal, social, and systemic levels. This work showed us that even something as institutional as money can be reimagined as intimate, expressive, and felt; not just efficient, but human.

The Team <3

BACK TO ALL WORK

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